Prompting, scaffolding and cueing as commonly used interchangeably (whether that is incorrect or correct is up for debate-more on that later), but they all involve inserting something between the request or demand (do this) and the target behavior (child does the thing we said) in order to get our desired response.
There is a hierarchy of prompts from least restrictuve to most restrictive. Now you know the name of the game in schools is least restrictive. We should use the least restrictive prompt needed to elicit a correct response.
TIP: Before even giving a prompt or cue, have another child do it first. Peer modeling is so powerful....well, IF the student is attending to the peer.
Here is the hierarchy:
Being least restrictive sounds like common sense, but it's harder than it sounds. Think about it - how often to we go straight to verbal? Or even physical? Not only us but think about teachers and even paraprofessionals. YIKES!
Let's use the simple example of a child who either puts things in his mouth or touches others while walking down the hallway. Our target skill would be for him to keep his hands to himself.
In that case, these would be some appropriate prompts from least to most restrictive:
1) Gestural: Point to our own hands.
2) Verbal: Say, "hands to self" or "quiet hands, please."
3) Visual: Show a visual prompt like the symbol for quiet hands.
4) Model: Act out folding our hands over our belly or whatever gesture that the child could understand for "hands to self" or "quiet hands."
5) Physical: Go to the child and physically place his hands in a quiet hands position.
Over prompting and not using
the hierarchy results in prompt
dependency and learned
helplessness.
WE (yes, you and I) can CAUSE prompt dependency!!
Think of that student who just LOOKS toward his or her paraprofessional each and every time a directive is given.
I love this video of prompt dependency from Navigation ABA. Take a look and see if any of YOUR kids look or act like Valerie...
OOPS! Doesn't that make you think?!
It makes ME think THIS...
So I said I wouldn't get into the debate of prompt vs. cue but I can't help myself...
OH, and I'm not going to lie... I didn't come up with this all by myself. I heard it from a very wise SLP with lots of experience working with kids with ASD....
OH, and I'm not going to lie... I didn't come up with this all by myself. I heard it from a very wise SLP with lots of experience working with kids with ASD....
When kids have to do the thinking and decision making, they start to finally take advantage of contextual cues in the environment, AND when they start doing the thinking, they're taking steps toward independence. THAT is our ultimate goal so we must move from prompts to cues in order to foster independence.
If a child has to think on their own about what to do, it’s a cue.
Example? Well, a cue for quiet hands (as opposed to all of those prompts listed above) would be "Sally (nearby peer) I love how you are keeping your hands to yourself" OR asking the child, "What should you be doing right now?"
If you tell directly them what to do, its a prompt.
Simple to conceptualize - not so simple to put into practice, but I challenge you to try!
Take the Prompt Vs. Cue Kahoot Quiz above. Try it with your colleagues or sped team!
As educators, our goal is always to cause learning. For kids to learn they have to be doing the thinking; we can't continually do the thinking for them.
I hope this post also has YOU thinking!
Thanks for reading; now go out there and create some independent thinkers! Got more tips? I'd love to hear them.
Please share your wisdom below because we need all the help we can get!
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